This research aims to investigate the strategies of invitations made
by Syrian graduates of English within the framework of Penelope
Brown and Stephen Levinson’s politeness theory (1987). This
theory is based on the concept of “face” as a self-ima
ge that
speakers want to protect. Two types of face are identified negative
and positive, and each type has its own saving-strategies from acts
that are inherently threatening.
The most important issue in human existence and survival is the safety and security,
came to build castles as an expression and reflection honest to this issue in detail, on the
one hand, the cumulative product met the experiences and melted in whi
ch all values of the
most important urban civilization landmarks on the other hand, of its art defensive large,
high architectural taste.
This research deals with the study of the concept of castles reviewing phases of
architecture throughout history, then an explanation for classification, types and
importance and finally made the social and geographical dimension of the castle and
concludes to establish a set of results for subsequent research in the future.
This research deals with the impact of driving style democratic resistance to change
at the administrative staff at the University of Aleppo through the study of the relationship
between the Democratic leadership style, and the dimensions of the or
ganizational
resistance to change, objectivity, social, economic and cultural rights. In addition to the
study of the differences between working in their resistance to change depending on
certain variables, such as race, age, personal and academic qualification and monthly
income and marital status. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, were
distributed a questionnaire to (308) factor of the administrative staff at the University of
Aleppo, and it was the most important results:
1 - resists workers administrators at the University of Aleppo change for many
reasons, including: the lack of new contacts with the leaders of the change, and lack of
awareness of the causes of the truth for a change, and non-participation in the process of
change, and the lack of real change from their perspective, and their belief that change
leads to changing the nature of social relationships among workers, and fear of losing some
privileges that they enjoy, and their belief that the new behavior is incompatible with the
supposed behavior currently in place at the university.
2 - There is an inverse correlation between the use of managers to democratic
leadership style, and the dimensions of resistance to change, that is, the greater the
managers use a democratic style of leadership, the lower the resistance to change its
various dimensions.
3- no different resistance administrative staff at the University of Aleppo to change
depending on the personal characteristics of the following: gender, age, educational
qualification, monthly income, marital status.
